| Abstract | Retorika je vještina slikovita i uvjerljiva usmenoga ili pisanog izražavanja; temeljna načela pisanja retorskih sastava ili javnih govorničkih nastupa. U raznim područjima društvenog života: sudstvu, politici, školstvu, kulturi, vojsci, ali i u svakodnevnim životnim prilikama, govornička vještina je bitna pretpostavka uspjeha i napretka. Povijest retorike seže još u antičko doba pa tako svoja znanja o tehnici i umijeću govo¬ra dugujemo starim Grcima. Govorljivost i raspravljanje bili su njihov oblik razonode. Govor kao živa riječ u to je vrijeme imala veću snagu i težinu u odnosu na pisanu riječ. Da bi retorika bila istinsko umijeće treba biti utemeljena na isti¬ni, jer u protivnom nije ništa više od privida znanja i mudrosti. Govornik koji je sposoban dobro i lijepo govoriti, a govor mu ima cjelovitost i jedinstvo te je prilagođen temi i slušačima, nužno je filozof. Najveći doprinos povijesti antičke retorike dao je Aristotel. Poseban značaj Aristotel je pridavao načinima kako biti što uvjerljiviji, čime je posebnu važnost dobila argumentacija. Retorika se definira kao dobro strukturirana konverzacija, jasno i razgovjetno izlaganje u kojemu do izražaja dolazi vještina izbora jezičnih oblika i govornih figura tako da govor bude prihvatljiv publici. Uspješan govor nije povezan s onim što smo izrekli, već s onim čime smo doprli do nutrine ljudi. Ako pogledamo svjetsku javnost i politiku, najjače političko oružje trenutno jest politički govor. Svjetski se političari često koriste metodom povezivanja, odnosno kombiniranja najčešće dvaju frazema koji su semantički ili strukturno slični, a ta se metoda još naziva i kontaminacija. Malala Yousafzai smatra se jednom od boljih retoričara na svjetskoj sceni. Velika svečanost dodjele Nobelove nagrade u gradu Oslu 2014. godine, održana u čast pojedincima i skupinama koji svojim sposobnostima najviše doprinose čovječanstvu, pamtit će se po govoru Malale Yousafzai koji se danas smatra jednim od najboljih govora svih vremena. |
| Abstract (english) | Rhetoric is the art of figurative and persuasive speaking or writing, also the basic principles of writing rhetorical texts or orations. In various areas of social life such as judiciary, politics, education, culture, army, but also in everyday life, oratory skills are an essential prerequisite for success and progress. The history of rhetoric goes back to antiquity and we owe our knowledge of techniques and the art of speech to the ancient Greeks. Speaking and having discussions were ancient Greeks’ form of entertainment. At that time the spoken word was regarded as the living word and was considered more powerful and carried more weight than the written word. In order for rhetoric to be a true art, it should convey the truth ¬ otherwise it is nothing more than the illusion of knowledge and wisdom. A speaker who is capable of speaking well and beautifully, whose speech has integrity and unity, and is adapted to the subject and the listeners, is necessarily a philosopher. The greatest contributor to the history of ancient rhetoric was Aristotle. Aristotle particularly valued the ways of becoming more persuasive, which places special emphasis on argumentation. Rhetoric is defined as a well-structured conversation, a clear and comprehensible exposition in which the skill of choosing language forms and speech figures comes to light in order to make the speech acceptable to the audience. Successful speech is not related to what we have said, but the ways in which we have reached people. Looking at the public and world politics, currently the strongest political weapon is the political speech. World politicians often use the method of linking or combining, most often, two phrasemes that are semantically or structurally similar, and this method is called contamination. Malala Yousafzai is considered one of the best orators in the world. The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in the city of Oslo in 2014, which has honored individuals and groups that have contributed most to humanity with their abilities, will be remembered by Malala's speech, which is considered one of the best speeches of all time. |
